How much will it cost to build a farm pond, and what will it cost annually to maintain it? And why would you want to create a farm pond – what are the benefits? Here are some possible costs, and factors to consider that will determine the actual costs.
A larger pond measured in acre units will cost less per area than a smaller, garden-sized pond that typically takes more attention to fitting the available terrain. With the qualification that costs can vary immensely, a rough guideline might suggest excavation costs less than $5,000 per acre, with this cost going down as the acreage goes up. This is for excavation only, which is not everything that goes into building a large pond. So scale that cost up or down depending on the size, terrain, purpose, water source and ecosystem you have in mind, as well as how much of the work you can do yourself.
If the cost estimates are larger than your budget, start to work them down by managing the options. Actual costs will vary depending on the size and depth of the pond, and the terrain and soil conditions you have to work with. A large cost, of course, will be equipment and labor costs, and the amount of this you supply yourself obviously will make a large difference to the total farm pond cost. Include the costs of permitting and regulatory requirements, as well as the maintenance you’ll require.
What is the purpose of the farm pond? Is it to manage an excess of flowing water, to irrigate land, to water livestock? Are you stocking fish, or designing a fishing lake? Is there a recreational aspect to the pond as well as water retention? How will the pond be landscaped? Will it fit well in the existing topography or is there significant earthwork required beyond the actual digging of the pond? How will it retain water? Will you line the pond bed, and if so, by using clay or cement (which are both ultimately permeable) or using a geomembrane liner?
Reducing Costs
If cost-cutting becomes imperative, you might choose a different location for the pond, such as a natural low spot on your property that requires minimal excavation and earthmoving, or one that takes advantage of natural slopes from the existing topography to create a dam, rather than excavating the entire pond area. You might change the original design to make it simpler, or to fit it into natural terrain advantages.
If you purpose can be met with a smaller size pond, this is one obvious way of lowering the cost. And the more DIY, or even barter with neighbors, that you can bring into the project, the lower the costs. However, don’t compromise on the essential elements such as proper lining, drainage, permits and projected maintenance. A well-constructed pond will be more cost-effective in the long run by requiring less maintenance and avoiding potential issues. And large pond liners tend to be less expensive than preformed or concrete liners.
Keep any excavated material on-site and repurpose it elsewhere on your property rather than paying to have it hauled away. Source your materials locally. Use native plants and locally available rocks or gravel for landscaping to reduce transportation costs. Talk to neighbors too: they may have materials to get rid of that you can use, and vice versa.
Maintenance
Over time, caring for the health and integrity of a farm pond may include removing debris and trash, mowing the surrounding banks, trimming plants, weed control and the like. Associated equipment such as pumps will require periodic inspection. And the pond itself may require periodic dredging.
The ecosystem you create will take care and attention, especially if you’re stocking fish. Water quality testing and any chemical treatments are a factor here. Some of your maintenance may require professional service companies. The maintenance of your farm pond needs to be part of your upfront planning and design before you even get started.
Why Build a Farm Pond?
The purposes and benefits of creating a pond are numerous, ranging across agricultural productivity, environmental sustainability and recreational opportunities. A pond can capture seasonal water and provide a reliable water source during drier times. Ponds serve as an accessible water source for livestock, reducing the need for engineered water systems. This can improve animal health and productivity by ensuring they have fresh water available.
Alternately, a pond may be used as part of a water management system, to slow down rushing water and manage its impact. As part of a waterway system, handling surface runoff and reducing soil erosion and sedimentation in nearby waterways becomes important. A pond can also make an excellent fire-break in terrain susceptible to wildfire danger.
A pond becomes a habitat, attracting various wildlife species, offering opportunities for bird watching and educational experiences related to local ecosystems. And by planning a habitat for aquatic and terrestrial wildlife, ponds increase biodiversity on the property. Native vegetation around the pond can support a variety of species, enriching the local ecosystem. And water from ponds often contains natural fertilizers from decomposed organic material, which can enhance soil fertility when used for irrigation.
Ponds can be used for swimming, fishing, and boating, enhancing the enjoyment of the property. They create attractive spaces for family activities and relaxation. A well maintained pond can increase the aesthetic appeal and overall value of a property significantly, another factor to consider in your planning and cost-estimate stage.